| Established | 1825 |
|---|---|
| Closed | 1985 |
| Type | Grammar school |
| Founder | Mr George Holt |
| Location | Liverpool Merseyside England |
| Local authority | Liverpool |
| Gender | Boys |
| Ages | 11–18 |
| Website | Liverpool Institute |
| Liverpool Institute High School for Boys | |
|---|---|
LIPA |
|
| General information | |
| Town or city | Liverpool |
| Country | England |
| Construction started | 1825 |
The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys was an all-boys grammar school in the English port city of Liverpool.
The school had its origins in 1825 but occupied different premises while the money was found to build a dedicated building on Mount Street. The Institute was first known as the Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts. In 1832 the name was shortened to the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution. The facade of the listed building, the entrance hall and modified school hall remain after substantial internal reconstruction was completed in the early 1990s.
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Its initial primary purpose as a Mechanics' Institute (one of many established about this time throughout the country) was to provide educational opportunities, mainly through evening classes, for working men. Lectures for the general public were also provided of wide interest covering topics ranging from Arctic exploration to Shakespeare and philosophy. Luminaries like Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered talks and readings in the main lecture hall (now the architecturally restructured Sir Paul McCartney Auditorium of LIPA).
By 1840 the Institution offered evening classes, lectures, a library and a boys' lower and upper school. By the 1850s a formal art school was evolving from the evening classes and in 1856 this diversity was recognised by another name change – The Liverpool Institute and School of Arts.
A girl's school was founded & opened in 1844 under the name Liverpool Institute High School for Girls. It was housed in a merchant's mansion across the street from the boys' school in Blackburne House provided by the generosity of Mr. George Holt and which was later (1872) donated to the school by his family in his memory. The school was one of the first which was open to the public in the country established exclusively for the education of girls.
In 1905 the Liverpool City Council took over the management of the secondary schools when the LI Board of Governors presented the school and assets to the City. From then until its closure in 1985, the school was formally known as The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys or more familiarly as The Institute or The Inny to its pupils.
It was an English grammar school for boys ages 11 to 18 with an excellent academic reputation built up over more than a century. Its list of scholarships and places at Oxford University and Cambridge University runs to some 300 names – in addition to distinctions gained at Liverpool University and at many other prominent British universities. The school was a true measure of Liverpool's intellectual capital and its old boys could and can be found in later life in many fields of professional distinction including the law, the Church, armed forces, politics, academia, government and colonial administration as well as in trade and commerce.[1]
In 1985 the school was closed by Liverpool Council after two decades of contention, political dispute and very little upkeep of the building fabric. The Labour Party in Liverpool and nationally – see Anthony Crosland's Circular of Sept. 1965 requiring that Local Authorities bring forward schemes for comprehensive secondary education – was opposed to selective schools. As grammar school pupils were selected by examination at age 11, there was a long standing push towards 'comprehensive schools' (as non-selective schools were known) from that party when it took majority control of the Council in 1983. Demand for secondary school places in the City had also dropped precipitously and there was a huge oversupply of schools space as Liverpool's population contracted during the severe economic recession of the early 1980s.
Ironically perhaps, the Deputy Leader of the Labour (Militant) Group on Council at the time was a former LI schoolboy Derek Hatton who had left without academic distinction in 1964 and with strong feelings of dislike towards the school.[2] However the man who was Chair of the Educational Committee at the time of the decision to close the school was Dominic Brady, a 24 year old former school caretaker.
After closure of the Liverpool Institute for Boys, the building stood empty and neglected, the roof leaking and the walls crumbling. In 1987 it was announced that the LI Trust (under control of Liverpool Council's Education Department) would grant use of the building and site to a new educational establishment. Paul McCartney had returned to his old school when with Wings he had played a concert there in 1979. After the school's closure in 1985, McCartney returned one night to reminisce about his school days, while he was writing his 'Liverpool Oratorio'. This visit is tellingly captured in 'Echoes'; a DVD the accompanies the 'Liverpool Oratoria' box set. McCartney was determined to save the building somehow. What was needed was an idea that could secure the building's future. As it happened, during a conversation with Sir George Martin, the idea if a 'fame school' emerged since Martin was helping Mark Featherstone-Witty start a London secondary school with an innovative curriculum. McCartney and Featherstone-Witty joined forces to create The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA). The new company took over the Liverpool Institute Trust established in 1905.
The building was rebuilt (entirely in parts) behind its old facade and re-opened in 1996 under the name of its new occupants, the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA). This all-new institute is currently affiliated with LJMU and is no longer a Liverpool secondary school.
The city's Art College had its origins as part of the Liverpool Institute. In 1883 a new building housing the School of Art was opened around the corner on Hope Street, adjacent to the principal building housing the High School on Mount Street. The Art College by which it was later known, took in talented students often without formal academic credentials (e.g. John Lennon) and the College eventually became one of the four constituent parts of the Liverpool Polytechnic in 1970 and later in 1992 Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU).
Music and musical performances were a constant theme throughout the life of the school and the Mount St. building. Annual school Speech Day concerts (held in the fine acoustics of Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool), choirs, the organ, piano, music classes and the singing of daily devotional hymns have echoed around its walls for 170 years and continue to do so at LIPA:
| Name | Joined/left | Born/died | Known for |
| Francis Neilson-Butters | 1867–1961 | MP for the Hyde Division of Cheshire 1910–1916. Writer and historian. | |
| Sir Walter de Frece | 1870–1935 | Theatre impresario and MP | |
| Prof Alfred James Ewart | 1872–1937 | Professor of Botany and Plant Physiology in the University of Melbourne from 1906–21 | |
| Prof John Hay | 1873–1959 | former President of the Royal Microscopical Society, and former Professor of Medicine at the University of Liverpool | |
| Franklin Dyall | 1874–1950 | Actor | |
| Prof Charles Glover Barkla | 1877–1944 | Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements",[4] Wheatstone Professor of Physics from 1909–13 at Kings College London, and discovered most properties of X-ray scattering, fluorescence, polarisation, and transmission through matter. | |
| Sydney Silverman | c. 1911–1915 | 1895–1968 | Labour MP from 1935–68 for Nelson and Colne. He brought in a private Member's Bill in 1965 to suspend the death penalty[5] |
| James Laver | 1899–1975 | Art historian | |
| Arthur Askey | 1911–1916 | 1900–1982 | Comedian and broadcaster. |
| Sir Malcolm Knox | 1900–80 | Professor of Moral Philosophy from 1936–53 at the University of St Andrews, and Principal of the University from 1953–66 | |
| Sir Frank Francis | 1901–1988 | Director of the British Museum, 1959–1968 | |
| Lindley M. Fraser | 1904–63 | Jaffrey Professor of Political Economy from 1935–40 at the University of Aberdeen, Head of German and Austrian Services at the BBC from 1946–63 | |
| Frank Redington | 1906–84 | Head Boy 1925; Cambridge University (Wrangler); Chief Actuary of Prudential Insurance 1951–1968; Winner of the Gold Medal of the Institute of Actuaries in honour of "actuarial work of pre-eminent importance". | |
| Prof William Kneale | 1906–90 | White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford, 1960–6. Author of Probability and Induction | |
| Alan Robertson | 1920–89 | Chemist. Animal breeding and genetics | |
| Alan Durband | 1938–1944 | 1927-93 | Pupil who returned as a teacher, one of the founders of the Liverpool Everyman Theatre and the New Shakespeare Theatre, Liverpool |
| Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh | 1942–1952 | 1932– | Chair of Royal Dutch Shell PLC, 2003 to 2005.[6] |
| Peter Sissons | 1953–1961 | 1942– | News broadcaster |
| Steve Norris | 1956–1963 | 1945– | MP for Oxford East,1983 |
| Bill Kenwright | 1957–1964 | 1945– | Theatre impresario |